(1) Human joints are complex, and it is complicated and difficult to robotize a similar mechanism. The robot must have a shape similar to that of a human being to make the viewer feel a sense of comfort. The complex structure must be made compact not that the viewer will feel discomfort. This can be understood from the fact that an industrial arm robot has a completely different shape from a human arm.
(2) Human joints (e.g., shoulders) have complex movements, so it is very difficult to compactly realize a multi-axis structure similar to that for a robot, and even more difficult to create a mechanism that is durable.
(3) A durable joint mechanism that can move a heavy body is itself heavy, making the robot as a whole even heavier. A vicious cycle.
(4) High quality servo motors that can be used for robots are very expensive, costing more than US$100 each even for hobby use. If 20 of them are used, the cost of materials alone is US$2000.
(5) Like humans, the knee and ankle joints are subjected to heavy loads, and the joint mechanisms there are prone to breakage.
(6) A biped robot needs a lot of energy just to stand up, and it has to carry many heavy devices such as joint mechanisms, CPU, batteries, skeleton, skin, and exterior.
Now, these issues make robot design difficult, but what can be done to solve them?
(A) Find a servo motor that is as low-cost, small, strong, and durable as possible.
(B) Consider a structure that allows movement similar to that of a human joint by arranging the motors as well as possible.
(C) Design the skeleton, exterior, and other structural components to be as lightweight as possible.
(D) Consider the placement of heavy objects such as batteries so that the center of gravity shifts smoothly when walking.
(E) The design of the range of motion of each joint is also important.
It is difficult to design all of these things together well, so it takes a special kind of genius to design a robot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/speecys.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Dynamicsel.jpg\")
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